- Title: Role of Cannabidiolic Acid or the Combination of Cannabigerol/Cannabidiol in Pain Modulation and Welfare Improvement in Horses with Chronic Osteoarthritis
Source: Frontiers in Veterinary Science (www.frontiersin.org)
Publication Date: December 10, 2024
Cannabinoids: CBG, CBD
Summary: This study evaluated a 20% CBG / 10% CBD oil (2:1 CBG:CBD) at 0.07 mg/kg daily for 14 days in 12 horses with chronic osteoarthritis. The CBG/CBD group showed significant pain reduction (Horse Chronic Pain Scale, HCPS), with no need for rescue analgesia. No adverse effects were observed, and physiological parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure) remained stable. The study suggests CBG and CBD alleviate osteoarthritis pain, likely via anti-inflammatory effects.
Relevance: Addresses pain and osteoarthritis.
Dose for 1000-Pound Horse (453.592 kg):
- Total: 0.07 mg/kg × 453.592 kg = 31.75 mg/day (CBG/CBD combined).
- Study ratio (2:1 CBG:CBD): ~21.17 mg CBG + 10.58 mg CBD.
- Your 2:1 CBD:CBG ratio: ~21.17 mg CBD + 10.58 mg CBG.
- Title: Improved quality of life and pain relief in mature horses with osteoarthritis after oral transmucosal cannabidiol oil administration
Source: Frontiers in Veterinary Science (www.frontiersin.org)
Publication Date: February 5, 2024
Cannabinoids: CBD
Summary: This study tested 15% CBD oil (0.03 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks) with phenylbutazone in horses with osteoarthritis. It found significant pain relief, reduced lameness, and improved mobility, with no adverse effects. The study highlights CBD’s potential as an adjunct for osteoarthritis pain management.
Relevance: Addresses pain and osteoarthritis.
Dose for 1000-Pound Horse:
- 0.03 mg/kg × 453.592 kg = 13.61 mg CBD/day.
- With 2:1 CBD:CBG: No CBG in study; adding CBG (e.g., 6.8 mg) is speculative.
- Title: Behavioral observations, heart rate, and cortisol monitoring in horses following multiple oral administrations of a cannabidiol-containing product
Source: Frontiers in Veterinary Science (www.frontiersin.org)
Publication Date: January 2, 2024
Cannabinoids: CBD
Summary: This study administered CBD paste (3 mg/kg twice daily for 15 days) and monitored behavior, heart rate, and cortisol levels for calming effects. No significant changes in cortisol or heart rate were observed, suggesting limited impact on stress. However, the absence of adverse behavioral effects supports CBD’s safety for potential calming applications.
Relevance: Addresses calming effects.
Dose for 1000-Pound Horse:
- 3 mg/kg × 453.592 kg = 1360.78 mg CBD/day (high dose, not practical).
- With 2:1 CBD:CBG: No CBG in study; impractical to extrapolate.
- Title: CBG and Equine Wellness: A Natural Approach for Horse Racing
Source: The Plaid Horse Magazine (www.theplaidhorse.com)
Publication Date: June 24, 2024
Cannabinoids: CBG (references CBD)
Summary: This article reviews CBG’s potential, citing animal studies showing benefits for joint health and pain in osteoarthritis. CBG’s interaction with CB1/CB2 receptors suggests pain and inflammation reduction, with possible anxiolytic effects for calming racehorses. No equine-specific CBG studies were detailed, but the article recommends veterinary consultation for dosing.
Relevance: Addresses pain, osteoarthritis, and calming effects.
Dose for 1000-Pound Horse:
- No specific dose provided; speculative alignment with 0.07 mg/kg total cannabinoids (as in study #1) yields ~21.17 mg CBD + 10.58 mg CBG (2:1 CBD:CBG).
- Title: Can CBG Revolutionize Arthritis Treatment in Horses?
Source: Brave Horse CBD (www.bravehorsecbd.com)
Publication Date: January 16, 2023
Cannabinoids: CBG, CBD
Summary: This article discusses a mouse study showing CBG/CBD oil (equal parts) reduced synovial thickness and cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. CBG’s effects on CB1/CB2 receptors suggest potential for equine joint pain relief and disease modification. No equine-specific data were provided, but the study supports CBG’s anti-inflammatory role.
Relevance: Addresses osteoarthritis and pain.
Dose for 1000-Pound Horse:
- No equine dose; speculative use of 0.07 mg/kg yields ~21.17 mg CBD + 10.58 mg CBG (2:1 CBD:CBG).
- Title: The Use of Cannabidiol as a Novel Treatment for Oral Stereotypic Behaviour (Crib-Biting) in a Horse
Source: Veterinary and Animal Science (www.sciencedirect.com)
Publication Date: 2023
Cannabinoids: CBD (references CBG)
Summary: This case study tested CBD (0.5 mg/kg daily) in a horse with crib-biting, showing reduced frequency and suggesting a calming effect. CBG’s potential role in the endocannabinoid system (ECS) was noted, indicating possible stress modulation, but CBG was not tested. Further CBG research was recommended.
Relevance: Addresses calming effects.
Dose for 1000-Pound Horse:
- CBD: 0.5 mg/kg × 453.592 kg = 226.80 mg CBD/day.
- With 2:1 CBD:CBG: Speculative CBG addition (~113.4 mg) is untested.
- Title: Industry perceptions of cannabidiol use in horses
Source: ScienceDirect (www.sciencedirect.com)
Publication Date: 2023
Cannabinoids: CBD
Summary: A survey of 133 equine professionals found 28.6% used CBD, reporting reduced inflammation (linked to pain relief) and calming effects. While not clinical, it reflects positive perceptions of CBD for pain and stress, though scientific evidence is limited.
Relevance: Addresses pain and calming effects.
Dose for 1000-Pound Horse:
- No specific dose; speculative 0.07 mg/kg yields ~21.17 mg CBD + 10.58 mg CBG (2:1 CBD:CBG).
- Title: Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Synovial Fluid Concentrations of Single- and Multiple-Dose Oral Administration of 1 and 3 mg/kg Cannabidiol in Horses
Source: ScienceDirect (www.sciencedirect.com)
Publication Date: 2023
Cannabinoids: CBD
Summary: This study tested CBD at 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg, finding CBD in synovial fluid at higher doses, suggesting potential for osteoarthritis pain relief. Mild hypocalcemia and elevated liver enzymes were noted but resolved post-treatment.
Relevance: Addresses osteoarthritis and pain.
Dose for 1000-Pound Horse:
- 1 mg/kg × 453.592 kg = 453.59 mg CBD/day; 3 mg/kg = 1360.78 mg CBD/day.
- With 2:1 CBD:CBG: Speculative CBG addition (e.g., 226.8 mg at 1 mg/kg) is untested.
- Title: Research Spotlight: Cannabidiol for Horses
Source: EquiManagement (equimanagement.com)
Publication Date: September 28, 2022
Cannabinoids: CBD
Summary: A Kentucky study showed 100 mg CBD daily for 6 weeks reduced reactivity to novel stimuli (calming effect) and suggested potential for pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis. No heart rate changes were observed.
Relevance: Addresses calming effects and pain (osteoarthritis).
Dose for 1000-Pound Horse:
- Flat 100 mg CBD/day (~0.22 mg/kg).
- With 2:1 CBD:CBG: Speculative ~66.7 mg CBD + 33.3 mg CBG.
- Title: CBD and Horses: Where Do We Stand?
Source: HorseSport (horsesport.com)
Publication Date: May 13, 2022
Cannabinoids: CBD
Summary: This review cited cases of improved pain sensitivity (500 mg CBD/day) and reduced reactivity (100 mg/day for 6 weeks, calming effect). An in vitro study showed anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting osteoarthritis benefits, though plasma levels were low.
Relevance: Addresses pain and calming effects.
Dose for 1000-Pound Horse:
- 500 mg CBD/day (~1.1 mg/kg) or 100 mg CBD/day (~0.22 mg/kg).
- With 2:1 CBD:CBG: Speculative (e.g., 333.3 mg CBD + 166.7 mg CBG for 500 mg).
- Title: Localization of Cannabinoid and Cannabinoid-Related Receptors in the Horse Ileum
Source: Journal of Equine Veterinary Science (www.sciencedirect.com)
Publication Date: 2021
Cannabinoids: CBD (implications for CBG)
Summary: This study identified CB1/CB2 receptors in the equine ileum, suggesting a role in visceral pain and inflammation control, with potential applications for osteoarthritis pain. CBD was proposed as a therapeutic, with CBG likely sharing similar ECS interactions.
Relevance: Addresses pain (implications for osteoarthritis).
Dose for 1000-Pound Horse:
- No dose provided; speculative 0.07 mg/kg yields ~21.17 mg CBD + 10.58 mg CBG (2:1 CBD:CBG).
- Title: Cannabidiol (CBD): A Killer for Inflammatory Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts
Source: Cell Death & Disease (www.nature.com)
Publication Date: August 31, 2020
Cannabinoids: CBD
Summary: This in vitro study showed CBD reduced inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts, suggesting pain and inflammation relief. While not equine-specific, it’s cited in equine osteoarthritis research for mechanistic insights.
Relevance: Addresses pain and osteoarthritis.
Dose for 1000-Pound Horse:
- No equine dose; speculative 0.07 mg/kg yields ~21.17 mg CBD + 10.58 mg CBG (2:1 CBD:CBG).
- Title: Treatment using cannabidiol in a horse with mechanical allodynia
Source: Equine Veterinary Education (www.wiley.com)
Publication Date: 2019
Cannabinoids: CBD
Summary: A case study at Colorado State University showed 250 mg CBD twice daily (500 mg/day) significantly reduced mechanical allodynia in a 4-year-old mare, with no adverse effects, supporting CBD’s pain management potential.
Relevance: Addresses pain.
Dose for 1000-Pound Horse:
- 500 mg CBD/day (~1.1 mg/kg).
- With 2:1 CBD:CBG: Speculative ~333.3 mg CBD + 166.7 mg CBG.
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